Anuradhapura remained a prosperous kingdom from 4th to 11th century B.C. King Pandukabhaya established his capital in Anuradhapura in 4th century B.C. The city was well planned. There were shrines, cemetery, place of execution, chapel and so on.
Most of the monuments of Anuradhapura belong to Buddhist era. Fort was built during the reign of King Kutakannatissa and was further expanded by King Vasabha. At its peak, the city attracted people from various parts of the world. Famous traveler and monk, Fa-Hsien, was charmed by the beauty of Anuradhapura. Buddhists monks from different countries came to the monasteries. In addition, people came here in search of work. King Vasabha built ponds, hospitals, and various other institutions. The city was compared with other famous cities like Nineveh and Babylon at that time.
This prosperity came to an end after the city came under attack from the South Indians. Frequent invasions led to the ruin of this hundred years old prosperous city. Now, there is nothing but ruins that bears the evidence of a glorious past. The ruins can be divided into three categories: dagobas, monastic buildings, and pokunas. Those of you who enjoy watching historical sites, I think this place has a lot to offer. Here are some of the historical sites:
- Sri Maha Bodhi: One of the oldest trees in the world, a gift from the great King Ashoka in 3rd century BC.
- Loha Prasada: "Prasada" means palace. It is situated beside the Sri Maha Bodhi. Built by King Dutugemunu, now, the ruins of this palace are there.
- Ruwanweli Seya Dagoba: One of the most beautiful buildings of Anuradhapura. The remain is 55m tall but the original building was taller.
- Thuparama Vatadage: This famous shrine contains the collar bone of Lord Buddha. This collar bone was sent by the Great king Ashoka as a gift to King Devanampiyitissa.
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